• By late 18th century, Europe annually consumed:
  • 13 million pounds chocolate
  • 120 million pounds coffee
  • 125 million pounds tobacco
  • 500 million pounds sugar
• Elites and lower class both consumed produced goods in different forms
• Tea, tobacco, sugar, coffee were objects of mass consumption
  • 25% of adult population may have used them daily
• Import substitution allowed for innovation among European producers