• Dissolution of caliphate multiplied centers of learning
• Islamic renaissance occurred throughout Islamic world
• Particularly dazzling in capital cities such as Cordoba
  • Library contained largest collections of books in Europe at the time
• Many scholars read, translated, commented on works of ancient philosophers
• Others worked on astronomy and wrote on mathematics matters
• Newly independent Islamic rulers supported science and math
• Ibn Sina wrote books on logic, natural sciences and physics