start of progressiveness
- widespread dissatisfaction
- seen opportunity for change
mobilization
- books and mass circulation magazines
- ‘muckrakers’ who are ‘raking the muck’
- social gospel within protestant christianity
characteristics
- accepting of industrialism but ire sparked
- optimistic about change happening
- protestantism & science, middle class
- emphasis on harmony
national women’s clubs
- suffrage and rights, education, anti child labor
- segregated despite fighting for same cause
- anti lynching and civil rights for black americans
arguments
- women’s votes are needed to clean up politics
- are also necessary to maintain white supremacy
conservationism/preservationism
- conservationism: roosevelt, use natural resources efficiently for long-term national benefit
- preservationism: john muir, nature is spiritually and aesthetically valuable
roosevelt
- exclusionary progressiveness