• 1890s-1910s

  • exchange vs control, intervention vs inclusion

  • obligations to foreign spheres

  • role of the media

  • competitive powers

    • europe (british empire, 2nd german reich)
    • asia (china etc)
  • monroe doctrine: separation of america and europe influence

  • mexican american war us southwest territorial gains

  • “the significance of the frontier in american history”

    • america must continue to expand for development
  • explosion of uss maine in havana

    • theory of spanish causing us declares war on spain
    • yellow journalism, sensalationist
      • rival newspapers vying for attention
  • teller amendment (apr 20 1898)

    • threatening to free cuba from ‘oppression’
    • asserts that us will not rule
  • spanish-american war (1898)

    • us now significant in imperialism
    • puerto rico, guam, philippines, wake island, + spain loses cuba
  • pres william mckinley (1897-1901)

    • imperialist
    • hawaii & puerto rico
  • pres theodore roosevelt (1901-1909)

    • interference as last resort
    • ‘big stick’ governance
    • responsability for latin america
  • platt amendment

    • cuba is firmly in us sphere of influence
  • “the meaning of the maine”; perez (1989)

    • argues the downplaying of cuban agency in us war for control
  • the philippines

    • commodification & environmental management
    • provincial leaders had experience in wars with various native nations
    • legal system literally had ‘civilized’ and ‘wild’
    • capitalist ideas of wealth, generation, and initiative motivated americans to immigrate
  • us ‘if we don’t conquest, others will imperialize in a more ‘immoral’ way’ conquest

  • hawaii (james blaine, secretary)

    • “the hawaiian islands cannot be joined to the asiatic systems”
    • prevention of control by others
  • “white man’s burden”

    • us has an obligation to ‘assist’ ‘inferior’ nations
    • generally infantilizing sentiment