https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine
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employed during wwii
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bidirectional, self-decrypting
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settings changed daily + operators could choose other random settings and send, for other party to change rotors to those settings
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poland first cracked machine as early as december 1932
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allies exploited enigma-enciphered messages for intelligence
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machine was invented by german engineer as part of firm, at end of wwi
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hans-thilo schmidt, german spy for french, obtained keys and sent to french, who sent it to poland
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marian rejewski used permutations theory and flaws to break message keys, using french material and message traffic to solve for rotor wiring
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polish mathematicians built their own machines, “enigma doubles”
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poles initiated french and british military intelligence
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spanish cryptographers, “equipo d,” joined force
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british enigma-decryption effort arose
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breaking of the code enabled xx system, feeding false info back to nazis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw_code_talkers
- utilized during wwi
- germans spoke excellent english, broke american codes
- colonel alfred wainwright bloor proposed use of choctaw language
- little recognition was given after wwi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_talker#Navajo
- much more formal, choctaw usage was not institutionalized