• Venezuela: 1811-1812
  • Co-founded Patriotic Society, organization advocating for independence from Spain
  • On July 5th, congress declared Venezuela’s independence
  • Declaration of independence created first Republic of Venezuela
    • Had generally weak base of support
    • Had many enemies in conservative whites, people of color, hostile provinces
    • Republic was overwhelmed by Spanish, causing supporters to flee
• New Granada and Venezuela: 1812-1815
  • Issued the Cartagena Manifesto, outlining causes of defeat and his political program
  • Called for support to prevent Royalist invasion of New Granada
  • On January 2nd, 1814, was made the dictator of Second Republic of Venezuela
• Jamaica, Haiti, Venezuela, and New Granada: 1815-1819
  • Requested assistance from Britain and corresponded with merchants in Caribbean
  • Laid out ideology and vision in Jamaica Letter in September of 1815
  • On July 17, 1817, Angostura fell to Bolivar’s forces
  • Administered republic, rebuilt forces in 1818 and organized elections for 1819
• Gran Columbia: 1819-1830
  • Desired to merge New Granada and Venezuela into “greater republic of Columbia”
  • During latter half of 1822, traveled around Ecuador to complete annexation