• Monomers are amino acids
  • Have variable r-group in center
    • 20 different variable groups
  • Have n-terminus and c-terminus on sides
  • Connected with peptide bonds using dehydration synthesis
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesase has binding site for pair
    • Specifically for certain amino acid and tRNA
• Polymers are peptides
• Specific types for use cases
  • Hemoglobin
    • Red color in blood cells
  • Transcription factors
  • RNA Polymerase
  • Keratin, collagen
• Translated from RNA using tRNA
  • Translated using ribosome
    • Small subunit holds mRNA
    • Large subunit is site of peptide bond formation
    • Comprised of structural proteins and ribosomal RNA
• Folded for different roles
• Can have mutations that affect structure
  • Silent
    • Change in nucleic acid but not amino acids
  • Missense
    • Change in amino acid but with similar characteristics
  • Nonsense mutation
    • Adding a stop codon in an incorrect position
  • Frameshift mutation
    • Addition or removal of a single nucleic acid
    • Causes sets of three bases to be moved over